震后一年灾区教师幸福感与抑郁状况及其相关研究

General Well-Being,Depression and the Relationship between Them of the Teachers in Disaster Areas after a Year of Earthquake

为研究5.12汶川地震一年后灾区教师的幸福感与抑郁状况及二者之间的关系,使用总体幸福感量表和Beck抑郁问卷对四川省极重灾区、重灾区、一般灾区的750教师进行问卷调查.结果显示:1)灾区教师的总体幸福感水平偏低,幸福感总分得分率仅有44%,有37.5%的教师有轻度抑郁、9.7%教师中度抑郁、7.7%教师重度抑郁;2)性别、年龄对教师幸福感无显著影响,学部、受灾级别、受损程度、社会支持、工作状态对教师幸福感有显著影响(P<0.05);3)性别、学段、受灾级别、损失程度对教师的抑郁水平不存在显著影响,年龄、社会支持程度、工作状态对抑郁有显著的影响(P<0.05);4)不同幸福感水平的灾区教师在抑郁总分上存在显著差异,低分组抑郁总分显著高于中等组和高分组,中等组抑郁得分显著高于高分组.总体幸福感各个维度及总分与抑郁有显著的负相关,多元逐步回归后发现,对情感和行为的控制、忧郁或愉快的心境、松弛与紧张与抑郁有显著的相关.研究结果表明:灾区教师的幸福感水平偏低,54.8%的教师存在不同程度的抑郁.社会支持能提高灾区教师幸福感水平、降低焦虑和抑郁的发生率.

To know the situation of General Well-Being and depression of the teachers in disaster area after a year of 5·12 earthquake,and to discuss the relationship between General Well-Being and depression,a survey of 750 teachers in disaster area was made with General Well-Being schedule（GWB） and Beck Depression Inventory（BDI）.The results are as follows.1） The level of teachers＇ General Well-Being is low.The score is only 44% of total.There is 37.5% of teachers of mild depression,9.7% of the teachers to moderate depression,7.7% of the teachers of severe depression.2） The gender and age of the teachers have no significant effect in General Well-Being.Faculty,the affected level of impairment,social support and working status of teachers have a significant effect in General Well-Being（P0.05）.3） The gender,science section,the affected level and the loss of the teachers have no significant effect in the depression.The age,social support and working status of the teachers have significant effect in the depression（P0.05）.4） Teachers who at different levels about General Well-Being had significant difference in total score of depression.General well-being in all dimensions and total scores has a significant negative correlation with depression.Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the control of emotion and behavior,depression or pleasant state of mind,relaxation and stress are significantly related with depression.It is concluded that the level of teacheres＇ General well-being is low.54.8% of the teachers show symptoms of depression.Social support can increase the level of General well-being and reduce the incidence of anxiety and depression of teachers in disaster areas.