释番生簋盖铭文中的车马器“靷”

Research on the Chariot and Horse Equipment Yin from the Inscription on Fansheng Gui Lid

西周时期的铭文有很多关于车马器的记载,为我们研究中国古代车舆制度提供了丰富的材料。中国古代的车马采用的是"轭靷式系驾法",在这种系驾法中,"靷"的作用极其重要。但奇怪的是,西周时期的出土文字材料中却一直没有关于"靷"的记载。笔者认为西周金文中有"靷",就保存在番生簋盖及伯晨鼎铭文中,只是以前没有被正确地释读出来。本文在考释"靷"的同时,也梳理了传世、出土文献中有关"靷"的记载,以明确其在车马器中的重要性。

There are many records about chariot and horse equipment in the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which provide abundant material for the study of ancient vehicle system.The ancient Chinese chariot and horse applied the riding method of yoke （ e） -traction axle （yin）, in whichyin played an important role. It is unusual that no record of yin has been found in the unearthed literal material. The author deems that there is ＂yin＂ in the inscriptions of Western Zhou bronze wares, which is included in the inscriptions of Fansheng gui and Bochen ding, yet have not been correctly interpreted.This paper studies the interpretation of ＂yin＂ and meanwhile sorts related records in both handed-down and unearthed literature so as to verify its significance in the chariot and horse equipment set.