NICU医院感染的高危因素分析及护理策略

Analysis of high risk factors and nursing strategies for nosocomial infections in NICU

目的探讨新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医院感染的相关危险因素及相应的护理策略。方法通过检索病历回顾分析,收集医院NICU 2006年6月-2009年6月发生医院感染患者的临床资料。结果 2100份病历中共统计出医院感染147例,医院感染率为7.00%,男女发生率分别为4.10%、2.90%,其中早产儿137例,占93.20%,胎龄为(32.24±3.21)周,出生体重为(1725.81±738.35)g;发生医院感染时间为(12.56±9.00)d;医院感染死亡率为6.12%;NICU医院感染与多种因素有关,其中侵入性操作(如气管插管、PICC等)、极低出生体重儿、基础疾病、医源性传播是NICU医院感染的高危因素。结论采取加强NICU科室管理、严格无菌操作、做好基础护理等措施控制和降低医院感染的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate relevant high risk factors and nursing strategies for nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care unit（NICU）. METHODS A case-control study was performed.Clinical data from patients with nosocomial infection in NICU of our hospital from Jun.2006 to Jun.2009 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 147 cases of infants with nosocomial infection were retrieved from 2100 case files.The nosocomial infection rate was 7.00%,4.10% in males and 2.90% in females.There were 137 premature infants（93.20%）.The average gestational age was（32.24±3.21）weeks and the average birth weight was（1725.81±738.35）g;the average time of nosocomial infection was（12.56±9.00）d;the mortality of nosocomial infection was 6.12%.Nosocomial infection in NICU was related to multiple factors,such as invasive operation（tracheal intubation,peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC））,very low birth weight,underlying diseases and iatrogenic transmission were the high risk factors of nosocomial infection in NICU. CONCLUSION Strengthening management,enforcing the sterile operation,and doing basic nursing should be enhanced to reduce nosocomial infection rate in NICU according to those high risk factors.