早期护理干预在预防重型颅脑伤患者肺部感染中的作用

Early nursing intervention in preventing pulmonary infection in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries

目的分析重型颅脑伤患者肺部感染的危险因素,探讨有效预防和控制肺部感染的护理措施。方法选择2008年1月-2009年12月神经外科重症监护病房(NICU)收治的356例重型颅脑伤患者,按收治时间顺序分为对照组和干预组;对照组患者给予脑外科常规护理;干预组患者针对重型颅脑伤患者肺部感染的高危因素和薄弱环节,实施早期护理干预。结果对照组和干预组的肺部感染发生率分别为18.24%、10.75%,干预组的肺部感染发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论运用早期护理干预,加强对侵入性操作和消毒隔离的管理控制,对于重型颅脑伤患者肺部感染的预防具有重要意义。

OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with severe traumatic brain injury,and explore effective countermeasures for preventing and controlling pulmonary infections. METHODS A total of 356 patients admitted at neurosurgical intensive care unit from Jan.2008 to Dec.2009 due to severe traumatic brain injury were enrolled in the study.The patients were randomly assigned to control group and intervention group.Patients in the control group received routine nursing,while patients in the intervention group received early care interventions according to the high risk factors and the weak points of the pulmonary infection. RESULTS The incidence of pulmonary infection in the control group and the intervention group were 18.24% and 10.75%,separately.The incidence of pulmonary infection in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group（P0.05）. CONCLUSION The application of early care interventions and the management of invasive operation and disinfection isolation have great significance for the patients with severe traumatic brain injury to prevent pulmonary infection.