陕北黄土高原适生桑树种质资源及栽培特点和生态防护作用

Cultivation Features and Ecological Protective Functions of Adaptive Mulberry Germplasm Resources in Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi

水土流失、土壤侵蚀以及荒漠化是陕北黄土高原主要的生态环境灾害,桑树以其生理生态学特性和经济价值,成为该地区的经济与生态型树种。经长期的自然选择与人工选择,在陕北黄土高原的风沙区和丘陵沟壑区分布着较为丰富的耐旱、耐寒、耐瘠薄、抗风沙的适生桑树种质资源,并形成高大乔木桑、梯田埂桑、桑草间作坡地桑、沙地灌木桑等多种桑树类型与栽植形式,在黄土高原的生态环境防护和特色农业建设中发挥着越来越显著的作用。通过介绍陕北黄土高原桑树种质资源的分布、不同生态类型桑树栽植与收获技术,以及桑树对生态恢复和水土保持的作用,诠释桑树生态产业开发的重要意义。

Water loss,soil erosion and desertification are major ecological and environmental problems in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi in China.Mulberry is an economic and ecological tree specie in this area,owing to its adaptable physiological and ecological features and advantage of economic benefit.Along with long term natural selection and artificial selection,there are plenty of adapted mulberry germplasm resources growing in the wind-drift sand region,hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi.These mulberry resources are tolerant against various stresses such as drought,cold,barren soil,windy and dusty environment,and have formed various mulberry ecotypes and cultivation features including tall arboreous mulberry,terrace-ridge mulberry,sloping land mulberry intercropped with grass,and sandy land shrub mulberry.These mulberry resources have been playing more and more significant roles in the restoration and improvement of ecological environment in the loess plateau area,and in the development of characteristic agriculture.Through introducing the distribution of mulberry germplasm resources in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi,cultivation and harvest technology for various mulberry ecotypes,and roles of mulberry trees on ecological restoration,soil and water conservation,the great significance in advancing the development of mulberry eco-industry was elaborated.