科学哲学:多元化、碎片化与内在一致化——基于历史唯物主义的视野

Philosophy of science: pluralism,fragmentation and intrinsic consistence——from the perspective of historical materialism

多元化、碎片化是当今科学哲学的趋势。多元化使科学哲学从"内部"走向"外部",碎片化则使其从"建构"走向"解构"。科学哲学面临着"内""外"两种困境:逻辑分析方法难以与科学家的具体实践活动达成一致是其内部困境;从知识论到社会学,科学沦落为利益的建构物,科学的本质被颠覆,是其外部困境。困境的哲学根源是"实体"与"关系"的本体论分野以及"主""客"二元的分裂,以及由此所导致的主体无法"表征"客体。多元化与碎片化为科学哲学的内在一致化准备了充分条件,回到马克思的"实践"哲学,从"表征"走向"实践",则是科学哲学重振昔日辉煌的必须的途径。

Pluralism,from intrinsic philosophy study to extrinsic study,and Fragmentation,from construction to deconstruction are the trends of contemporary philosophy of science research.They face both intrinsic and extrinsic dilemmas： the method of logical analysis does not consistent scientists＇ practice and,from epistemology to sociology,science has descended to the structures of benefits.The origins of these dilemmas are ontological fracture of entities and relationships,and the breaking up of subject and object,which leads to subjects＇ inability to represent objects.Pluralism and Fragmentation can provide sufficient prerequisites of intrinsic consistence developments of philosophy of science.Philosophy of science would be a prosperous science again if we can learn form Max＇s philosophy of practice and turn our interests from representations to practice.