‘川花梨’品种特性及优质高产栽培技术

The Variety Characteristics and Good Quality and High Yield Cultivation of ‘Chuanhua’ Pear

以‘川花梨’为试材,通过调查研究其品种特性,探讨优质高产栽培技术。结果表明:利用配方施肥技术能针对性地补充土壤和植株养分,防止滥用化学肥料;果实二次套袋技术则使果面更加光洁,提高其商品性;采取疏散分层的树形便于接受阳光,丰产性更好;加强疏花疏果使叶果比保持(40～45):1,控制植株负载量,可溶性固形物可提高2%左右;生育期采用黄色粘虫板、糖醋液杀虫瓶和频振式杀虫灯显著减少了生长季节农药施用量20%;采果后施肥保叶防止开秋花;做好秋冬季管理大大减少了病虫基数和源头,增强了树势,提高抗病虫害能力。

Taking ‘Chuanhua’ pear as test material,the formula fertilization on the cultivation of ＇Chuanhua＇ pear was studied.The results showed that the technique of two time-bagging could made the fruit white and smooth efficiently and then improved the growth and marketability of the fruits.The plant could get more sunshine by shaping to the evacuation-stratified shape.So that the fruit＇s soluble solids content could be increased about 2%.The leaf-fruit ratio of suitable crop load was（40～45）：1.Thinning flowers and fruits to control the loading,and saving the leaves in order to avoid flowering after harvest in autumn.It＇s very important to stengthen the manage in autumn and winter.Because those methods reduced the population and sources of insects and diseases.We could protect fruit trees and fruit in growing season by physical ways,such as frequency trembler grid lamps,yellow sticky traps,insecticidal bottle and so on,so that it could reduced the used amount of pesticide about 20% to harvest safty and good quality fruits.