麻地膜与肥料互作对辣椒生长、土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响

Effect of bast-fiber film mulching and fertilization interaction on soil nutrient,soil enzyme activity and pepper growth

麻地膜在农业生产中的应用越来越广泛。为了解麻地膜在茄果类蔬菜上的应用效果,以辣椒为试验材料,在露地和日光温室条件下研究了普通聚乙烯(PE)地膜及麻地膜与肥料互作对辣椒定植初期10 cm土温、辣椒生长、土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖有利于辣椒定植初期10 cm土温的升高,其中,PE地膜的保温效果优于麻地膜,PE地膜+有机肥和PE地膜+有机肥+复合肥的保温效果较好,此外,11:00以后麻地膜覆盖具有降低地表温度的作用;麻地膜对膜下杂草的抑制作用显著强于PE地膜,麻地膜+复合肥的杂草生长量显著低于其他处理;地膜覆盖可以显著增加辣椒的株高、茎粗和产量,对辣椒叶片SPAD值及果实Vc含量影响不显著,麻地膜覆盖的辣椒产量显著高于PE地膜覆盖和对照;地膜覆盖可显著降低土壤pH和有机质含量,且麻地膜覆盖的下降幅度大于PE地膜;地膜覆盖可以显著提高土壤中碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,且麻地膜的增加幅度比PE地膜大;地膜覆盖具有提高土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用。

Bast-fiber films are increasingly used in agriculture.An experiment was therefore conducted to explore the effects of bast-fiber film mulching on growth and yield of solanaceous vegetable crops and soil properties.Pepper was planted under open field and greenhouse conditions to study the effects of the interactions of different film mulching and fertilization on 10 cm depth soil temperature at primary planting stage,pepper growth,soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity.The result showed that temperature of 10 cm depth soil mulched by different films at primary planting stage was higher than that of none film mulching treatment.Heat pres-ervation effect of polythene（PE） film was better than that of bast-fiber film.Also heat preservation effects of the interactions of PE film mulching with organic manure or both organic manure and compound fertilizer were the best.Furthermore,10 cm depth soil temperature dropped after 11 a.m.under bast-fiber film mulching.Bast-fiber film mulch significantly suppressed weed growth.Weed weight was the minimum under treatment of bast-fiber film mulching combined with compound fertilizer application.Pepper plant height,stem diameter and yield significantly increased under film mulching,but no evident changes were noted in SPAD and vitamin C content.Yield was higher significantly under bast-fiber film mulching than under PE film mulching and the control treatments.Soil pH and organic matter content significantly dropped,while available N,K and Olsen-P contents significantly increased under film mulching,compared with the control.Bast-fiber film mulching presented more obvious effects on the above soil properties.Soil protease,urease,catalase,sucrase activities also increased significantly under film mulching.