生境的选择与楚文化的兴起

Ecological Selection and the Rise of Chu Culture

本文借助生态学理论,对楚人的南迁过程进行了梳理,并对其迁徙原因进行了剖析。认为自楚先季连族始,开始了南迁。商代前期,其活动地域在丹江流域;商代后期,其活动地域先在丹江与汉水交汇处,后在汉水中游的方山一带;商末至西周时期,其活动地域在湖北西北的荆山一带;东周以后,其中心地域在长江与汉水之间的宜城平原和江汉平原上。迁徙有自然的原因也有人为的原因,楚文化的孕育、形成与发展则是楚人对于生境选择的结果。

By drawing on ecological theories, this paper attempts to marshal the process of Chu people＇ s migration to the South, and analyze the reason for migration. Started from Jilian＇s tribe, the Chu people moved southward and lived in the Dan River basin during the Early Shang Dynasty. By the later period of the Shang Dynasty, they had migrated to the junc- ture point of the Dan and Hanshui River, and then to the Fangshan area in the middle of the Hanshui River. From the end of the Shang to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Chu people had settled in the Jingshan area in the northwest of Hubei province. From the Eastem Zhou period onward, their hinterland was situated in the Yicheng and Jianghan plains between the Yangtze and Hanshui River. Both natural and human factors played the role in the process of migration, but the adaption to ecological environment might have majorly fostered the formation and development of the Chu culture.