“车马出行——胡人”画像试探——兼谈汉代丧葬艺术中胡人形象的意义

A Probe into the 'Trip Traveling-Western Tribesmen' Portraits in the Han Dynasty——with a Discussion of the Meaning of Western Tribesmen in the Han Funeral Culture

汉代丧葬艺术中出现了许多胡人的形象,要进行更加深入的研究,需要将其放入所出现的场景中去考察。汉画像中的胡人经常出现在车马出行的场景中,可分为两类:一为胡人导引,一为胡汉交战。此类画像中车马出行的目的地是西方的西王母仙境。时人认为西王母在西域之西,居住于西域的西胡,一方面可以作为去往西方仙境的引导者,一方面又可以是阻碍者。所以他们一方面希望升仙路上能得到胡人的导引,一方面又希望打败阻碍的胡人,到达西王母仙境。汉代丧葬艺术中出现的许多胡人形象或许与此种对西方仙境的信仰有关。

Various images of western tribesmen have been presented in Han burial art works. In order to prosecute a further research, the settings should be taken into consider. Western tribesmen usually appear in the settings of trip traveling heading toward the West xianjin （heavenly realm） where the goddess （Queen Mother of the West） lives. In one type of these images, the western tribesmen are leading the way of procession. Opposite to the trip traveling iconogaphy, there is other kind of western tribesmen images depicting the scene when they were fighting with Hart people. This dichotomy reflects the contemporary ideas that on one hand, people were seeking tribesmen＇s guild on their way to the heavenly realm, and on the other hand, they, wished to defeat the tribesmen who hindered them.