尚可喜一族的旗籍与婚姻关系——围绕满汉关系视角

Shang Ke-xi Families' Banner Membership and Spouse Network:A Perspective of Manchu-Han Ethic Relationship

本文首先讨论汉军旗人在清代满汉关系中的地位,进而通过对"三藩"特别是尚可喜与汉军旗的关系及其家族的编旗经过揭示了以下问题:一,尚可喜不是旗人,文献中的记载和研究者认为尚可喜是汉军旗人的看法是错误的。尚可喜一族入旗是尚可喜死后的康熙二十二年以后的事情。先入正黄旗,雍正初调整到镶蓝旗,故史料中关于其旗籍记载不一致。二,尚可喜生前没有入旗,是因为尚氏当时封王,远高于普通旗人,故可以兼统八旗兵和绿营兵。三,从尚可喜子女的通婚情况看,主要是通过联姻地方实力派而非旗人来巩固自己的藩王权力。

This article examines the role played by the Han-Jun Banner Men in the Manchu-Han ethnic relationship in the Qing dynasty through a detailed study of Shang Ke-xi families＇ entry into the Han-Jun Banner.Interesting findings of this article include：（1） Shang,one of the three entitled Princes in the Southwest China in the early Qing,was not a ＂Qi-ren＂ or Banner Man himself.Shang＇s families＇ entry into the Han-Jun Banner was after the 22nd year of the Kangxi＇s Reign.The Shangs first entry into the Yellow Banner was transferred into the Bordered Blue Banner in the early Yongzheng＇s Reign.（2） Shang Ke-xi never joined the Banner in his lifetime,but he was an entitled Prince,enjoying privilege above ordinary Banner Men,thus commanding both Banner and Han armies.（3） Shang＇s children＇s spouses in the early Qing also indicate this perplexed ethnic relationship：the Shangs seemed to prefer to marry more local elites than the Banner Men to consolidate their power.