论清代商业网络传播与国家的社会控制力——以乾隆时期的伪孙嘉淦奏稿案为中心

On the Commercial Information Network and the Social Control of the Qing State:a Pseudo-memorial Case in the Qianlong's Reign

清代乾隆时期的伪孙嘉淦奏稿案一直被视为一起重要的文字狱,本文则探讨伪稿在清代走向鼎盛时期是如何在社会上传播的。笔者认为:各个层级的商人是伪稿案的主要传播者,他们通过商业中心的商行、会馆获得信息,再通过商业网络将伪稿传向不同区域,成为当时基层民众表达和发泄对清朝统治不满的政治文化心理的一种方式。这种商业社会消解着清朝的国家力量,让看似高效、强大的督抚力量在查办伪稿案时一筹莫展,让皇帝无可奈何。

Historians have long considered the pseudo-Sun Jiagan Memorial case as one of the most important literary inquisition cases.This paper investigates the ways in which the pseudo-drafts were circulated in the society when the Qing dynasty was approaching its most prosperous times.Merchants from a variety of social strata served as the main distributors in the circulation of the pseudo-drafts.They acquired information through the guilds in the commercial centers and further disseminated the drafts to a wide range of locales.At the same time,commoners in the local society expressed their discontent with the Qing rule and displayed their political and cultural mentality through spreading the pseudo-drafts.The commercial information circulation weakened the state power,rendering the seemingly powerful and efficient provincial governors incompetent in their investigation of the pseudo-drafts case,and the emperor could not do anything to help.