清代东太湖地区的湖田与水文生态

The Water Ecology and the Lake Fields in East Tai Lake in the Qing Dynasty

清代的东太湖地区的湖田出现了快速增长。随着山区水土流失,东太湖的泥沙量大增,水面植被也出现大扩展,淤积和湖田扩展也因此加速。在西部出现大缺口,大缺口在清代很快合拢。东部湖田发展使出太湖的水流受阻,吴淞江北移瓜泾口,进而使东北部湖田快速发展。湖田形成时往往先是大圩,后是小圩,以后逐步形成纵向交错的河网。植桑又加速了湖田水稻土的培肥,优良的水稻土在小圩规模上逐步形成。植桑养蚕与稻作的配合维持了传统江南生态农业的持续。

The lake field in the East Taihu Lake had been rapidly cultivated in the Qing Dynasty.Together with the mountain soil erosion,the sediment and water vegetation in the East Taihu Lake were increasing,and both the silt and the lake field were expanding.The East lake field cultivation blocked the water flow out of Tai Lake,causing the Wusong River shift northward to the Guajing／｜Kou.This helped to the rapid development of the lake field in the Northeast of the Tai Lake.Small dikes set up in this cultivation movement gradually made up the new river networks in the field,ideal for growing mulberry and rice.The mulberry and silk industry provided the fertility for the rice paddy soil,eventually forming an ecologically sustainable agriculture pattern that is traditional to the Jiangnan area.