体育锻炼对不同性别少数民族大学生健康状况影响的研究

The Effects of Physical Exercise on the Health in Ethnic Minorities' College Students of Different Sex

目的了解体育锻炼对不同性别少数民族大学生健康状况的影响效果。方法采用文献资料调研、心理测量和数据统计等方法对云南省部分高校的729名少数民族大学生的健康状况与体育锻炼的关系进行了探讨。结果①男女少数民族大学生在体育锻炼量上存在显著差异(t=15.611,P<0.001),锻炼量充分的大学生男与女相比,在生理(t=5.041,P<0.001)、心理(t=3.249,P<0.01)和总体方面(t=3.083,P<0.01)更加健康;②不同锻炼形式和不同锻炼情境对少数民族男女大学生健康状况的影响存在显著差异,表现为结伴锻炼(t=2.935,2.128,3.889,3.428;P<0.05,0.01,0.001)和娱乐性锻炼情境(t=2.567,2.371,2.250;P<0.05)的健康效益更加明显;③进行中大运动强度锻炼的男大学生在生理(F=8.167,P<0.001)、心理(F=9.601,P<0.001)、社会(F=6.465,P<0.001)和总体健康方面(F=11.611,P<0.001)得分显著高于小强度的大学生。而女大学生在4个量表得分都不具有显著性差异;④一次锻炼时间超过60分钟的男大学生在生理(F=8.408,P<0.001)、心理(F=6.361,P<0.001)、社会(F=6.864,P<0.001)和总体健康(F=9.855,P<0.001)得分显著优于锻炼时间少于30分钟的大学生。而1次锻炼时间在30至60分钟的女大学生在社会健康(F=3.586,P<0.05)和总体健康方面(F=3.817,P<0.05)明显好于锻炼时间少于30分钟的大学生;⑤无论男女少数民族大学生,每周进行1～2次及以上体育锻炼均能产生良好的健康效益。结论少数民族大学生的健康状况受体育锻炼量、形式、情境、时间、频率和强度的影响,且不同性别之间的影响效果存在差异。

Objective To explore the effects of physical exercise on the health in ethnic minorities＇ college students of different sex.Methods By the method of documentary,psychological measurement and statistic,the paper analyzed the relationship between physical exercise and health on 729 ethnic minorities＇ college students of Yunnan universities.Results ①There was significant difference on exercise quantity among college students of different sex.In contrast with female students,male students who take exercise adequately were healthier（t=15.611,P0.001）;②There were significant differences in different exercise form and situation,which showed the effect of in-store exercise（t=2.935,2.128,3.889,3.428;P0.05,0.01,0.001） and entertainment situation（t=2.567,2.371,2.250;P0.05）were better for health benefits;③Medium and high intensity exercise for the male college students in physical（F=8.167,P0.001）,psychological（F=9.601,P0.001）,social（F=6.465,P0.001） and general health（F=11.611,P0.001） were significantly higher than low intensity of college students.And female college students in four scale scoring all didn＇t have significant differences;④An exercise time more than 60 minutes of male college students in physical（F=8.408,P0.001）,psychological（F=6.361,P0.001）,social（F=6.864,P0.001） and general health（F=9.855,P0.001） were significantly better than exercise time less than 30 minutes of college students.And an exercise time in 30 to 60 minutes of female college students in social health（F=3.586,P0.05） and general health（F=3.817,P0.05） were better than exercise time less than 30 minutes of college students;⑤Both men and women of the national minority students,weekly 1~2 times or more physical exercise all could produce good health benefits.Conclusion The health of the ethnic minority students is influenced by physical exercise quantity,form,situation,time,frequency and intensity,and the effects are gender different.