广西流行性乙型脑炎50年流行趋势分析

Analysis on epidemic trend of Japanese encephalitis in recent 50 years in Guangxi

目的分析广西乙脑流行趋势和特征,掌握其流行规律,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法回顾性统计广西全区1960-2010年乙脑疫情资料。结果 1960-2010年全区共发生乙脑65384例,死亡11875例,年均发病率为3.38/10万,年均死亡率为0.61/10万,病死率为18.16%;发病流行以1960年代和1970年代为重,年均发病率分别为8.59/10万和9.24/10万,20世纪70年代以后广西开始持续推广使用乙脑疫苗,包括流行季节前突击接种和纳入免疫规划管理,1980-2000年代的年均发病率分别为1.75/10万,1.34/10万,0.44/10万;全区所有县和市辖区都有病例发生,但病例主要集中于桂西北、桂南和桂东地区,这些地区为乙脑的高发区;发病主要集中于5-9月份;患者以0～14岁农村散居儿童为主。结论广西乙脑发病流行呈下降趋势,发病有明显季节性;发病主要集中在低年龄儿童;经过持续多年的乙脑疫苗突击接种和纳入免疫规划管理,广西乙脑防控已取得明显成效。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological trend and features of Japanese B encephalitis（JE） in Guangxi province and master its epidemic rules,which will provides scientific evidence for control and prevention countermeasures. Methods All data from 1960 to 2010 are collected and analyzed with by Excel.The article is applied with discretional statistical method. Results 65 384 people in the province suffered from JE during 1960-2010,and 11 875 died.The average morbidity,the annual mortality and the fatality rate were 3.38/100 000, 0.61/100 000 and 18.16%, respectively in these periods.The epidemics occurred mainly in the 1960’s and 1970’s,with an annual incidence of 8.59/100 000 and 9.24/100 000,respectively.Since 1970’s,Guangxi began to continuously promote inoculation of JE vaccine,which includes two types：vaccination before the epidemic season and bringing it into the immunization program management.After that a significant declines in incidence rate was observed.1980-2000 years the annual incidence rate were 1.75/100 000,1.34/10 000,and 0.44/10 000,respectively.The cases were found in all counties and cities of Guangxi,but mainly in the southern and north-west and southeast regions,so they were the high-incidence area.Epidemic occurred mainly in months of 5-9 and mainly in the children with age of less than 14 years old. Conclusions Incidence of the disease was declining. There was a distinct seasonal occurance of the disease.The cases mainly concentrated in children of 0-14,scattering in rural areas. After vaccination before the epidemic season and immunization program management for years,the work of prevention and control of JE has achieved significant results in Guangxi.