鹧鸪菜生殖器官发育的研究

STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF CALOGLOSSA LEPRIEURII(MONT.)J.AG.

鹧鸪菜[Caloglossa leprieurii(Mont)J.Ag.]细胞含多核。在生殖季节,孢子体、雌、雄配子体在外形上有明显的差异:四分孢子体大而平展,分枝的上部肉眼可见有红色小斑点,即为四分孢子囊群。雌配子体顶部略蜷曲,分枝密,囊果呈球状,多位于分枝上部分枝点的腹面。雄配子体个体较小,枝顶蜷曲,颜色淡,特别生有精子囊的部分更淡。每种藻体的营养细胞的纹孔连结非常发达,每个细胞都具有4-5条,多者达7-8条。果胞枝由四个细胞组成,一般由围轴细胞分裂形成,果胞受精后,由支持细胞分裂形成辅助细胞,一个生育小枝上,可以连续形成5-7个甚至10个以上幼果胞系,但多数仅有一个果胞受精发育成囊果。当一个果胞受精时,其他果胞系就停止发育。精于囊位于分枝上部中肋的两侧,背腹面均有分布。一个营养细胞沿着叶面平行方向平周分裂成三个细胞,在两个外侧细胞各形成3-4个精子囊母细胞,每个精子囊母细胞斜壁分裂产生2-4个精子囊,放散后,余下的精子囊母细胞仍留在中间盘状细胞上。

The cell of Caloglossa leprieurii is a polycaryon.The sexual thalli are usually dioecious. Its life cycle involves the alternation of three generations.In the reproductive season,the appearance of tetrasporophyte and female and male gametophyte shows evident difference.The tetrasporophyte is big and flat.The branches are sparse.Many small red spots,i.e.tetras- porogial groups,can be seen with the naked eyes in the upper part of the branch.The terminal part of the female gametophyte is a little twisted with thick branches.The cystocarps are spherical and most of them are located in ventral side of the upper branch points.The male gametophyte is smaller with less branches.Its terminal part is a little twisted with pale colour. The pit connections of the vegetative cells of every thallus are all well developed.The carpo- gonial branch consists of four cells.Generally,it is formed by the division of the pericentral cell.After fertilization of the carpogonium,an auxiliary cell is formed by the division of supporting cell.Usually five to seven,even more than ten young procarps can be formed at the apical part of the reproductive branch.The procarps often occur on consecutive segments of pericentral cells.But among most of them only a carpogonium is fertilized and developes into cystocarp.When a carpogonium is fertilized,the other one on this branch usually cease further development. The spermatangia are formed on the lateral wing cells of both sides of the upper part midrib of a reproductive branch and distributed on both dorsal and ventral surfaces.A vege- tative cell is divided into three cells in parallel to the surface of the thallus.The cortical cells under the two outer surfaces forms three to four permatangial mother cells.Each spermatan- gial mother cell divides into two to four spermatangia.After the sperm dispersal of the ma- ture spermatangia,the spermatangial mother cells are still retained on both sides of the middle discoid cells.