中国野生大豆和栽培大豆种胚超氧物歧化酶的酶谱型及其地理分布

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE(SOD)ZYMOGRAM PATTERNS AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF WILD (GLYCINE SOJA)AND CULTIVATED SOYBEAN (G.MAX)IN CHINA

对中国24个省区226份野生大豆(Glycine soja)和104份栽培大豆(G.max)(地方品种)的种胚进行了超氧物歧化酶(SOD)的酶谱分析。发现大豆种胚DOD存在六种酶谱型,其中野生大豆五种(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ),并首次发现SOD_(b2b3)缺失基因型,而栽培大豆98％属于同一酶谱型(Ⅱ型)。比较了种间的酶谱,讨论了大豆进化和起源问题。

The purpose of this study was to examine the superoxide dismutase (SOD) zymogram pat- terns, their frequency and geographical distribution of wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated soy- bean (G. max) in China. Seeds of 226 wild soybean germplasms and 104 cultivated soybean cul- tivars (land races) were collected from all provinces and autonomous regions in China except Taiwan, Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces About 50 embryos per wild soybean germplasm and 10 embryos per cultivated soybean cultivars were used for test. Vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a stainning system modified after Luo (1984) were used The Japanese CS- 930 Scanner was used in gel--plate scanning. In program scanning the maximum and minimum absorption wavelength were 700 and 550 nm respectively. The results showed that: 1. Six zy- mogram patterns were found in soybean (Fig. 1, 2). Wild soybean displayed five patterns (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ), while the cultivated soybean displayed only two patterns (Ⅱ,Ⅲ). 2. Fourty six percent of wild germplasms gave an 7--band zymogram (Table 1) (pattern Ⅰ), fourty nine percent had a 6th and 7th band with faster mobility (pattern Ⅱ), about two percent produced a 6--band zymogram which lacked the SODc_4 band (pattern Ⅳ), about two percent had a 5- band pattern which tacked the SODc_2c_4 bands (pattern Ⅴ), and only one germplasm displayed a 5--band zymogram which lacked SODb_2b_3 bands (pattern Ⅵ). 3. More than ninty eight per- cent of cultivated cultivars belonged to pattern Ⅱ, only about two percent belonged to pattern Ⅲ. 4. The geographical distribution of frequency of pattern Ⅱ between wild and cultivated soybean was most close in 36--51°N area. The difference of zymograms between G. soja and G. max, and the problems of the origional area and evolution of soybean were discussed.