文化遗产与国家认同——社会学视野中的古琴艺术变迁

Cultural Heritage and Its National Recognition——The Evolution of the Art of Gu Qin in a Social Viewpoint

本文着眼于古琴艺术由"阶层艺术"、"人民艺术"、"民族文化"到"世界非物质文化遗产"的变迁过程,对古琴身份概念的细微变化进行了社会学解读:作为古代"士"阶层文化象征资本,古琴艺术是典型的阶层艺术。建国后,古琴艺术为了获得生存权,进行了种种"去阶层化"(人民艺术)的现代性改革。在全球化背景中,古琴再次被国家想象为全中华民族共享的、具有普遍意义的民族文化符号,晋升为世界级非物质文化遗产。文章展示了不同的历史场景中古琴承载了不同的文化-政治身份,论证了文化遗产的建构对国家整合与认同的重要意义。

This essay surveys the art of the gu qin in terms of the changes of its role from 'class art,' 'people’s art,' 'national art,' and finally 'world non-material cultural heritage.' The author observes sociologically the subtle modifications of the art throughout its history from the early days as a cultural sign of the privileged in ancient times to the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949 when it began to emerge gradually as an art for the ordinary population.With the wave of globalization gu qin has become a meaningful cultural symbol for the nation,gaining important recognition from UNESCO.