九一八事变前东北水灾与社会应对

Northeast Flood and the Social Response before the Manchurian Incident

九一八事变前,受天气变化、森林的过度砍伐与政府的疏于防范等因素的影响,东北境内时常洪水泛滥,波及范围广,灾情较为严重,给民众带来了巨大的灾难。为应对水灾,政府与社会各界采取了多种措施,拨发赈款、广集善款、迁移灾民垦荒、植树造林、兴修水利、捐款、捐物、组织义赈等,使灾民得到了一定程度的安置。但是当时东北的局势动荡,治理水患的经费捉襟见肘,官员素质良莠不齐与不尽全力地履行职责等,致使灾况未获得有效的缓解。

Before the Mukden Incident, with the weather changing, forests excessively felling and the government guarding carelessly the flood often happened in the Northeast territory, which brought more serious disaster to the people. In re- sponse to floods, the government and the community took a variety of measures as follows ： appropriation of relief money, gath- er donations, migration victims reclamation, forestation, irrigation, contributions, donations and relief organizations. However, the situation was volatile northeast, flood control funding stretched and the quality varied greatly with the different officials who nerformed their duties fullv, thus resulting in an effective disaster relief without conditions.