古代建筑“朝东”方位观起源及类型

A Theory for the Origin and Type of the East Orientation in Ancient Architecture

东方是古代文化和建筑中重要的空间方位,以东为尊的思想由来已久。在人类早期原始时空观念形成的过程中,从昼夜更替现象中产生最早"东"的意念,而真正意义上的东向方位则是通过长期的日影时空测算实现的。同时作为最早方位的"东"而言,其代表性的天文现象和时空测算原理对早期建筑的朝向方式影响很大。为了理清东方与建筑之间的关系,通过对历史建筑遗迹中朝东方式的归纳和分类研究,发现古代建筑"朝东"方位观的规律,重新认识早期原始时空观的作用和时空测算技术在建筑设计中的应用,有助于理解古代天文现象在建筑设计中的特殊地位。

The East is an important orientation in the ancient culture and architecture, and the idea of respecting the East has been for quite a long time. During the progress of forming original space - time concept in early times, the concept of the East was first born in the alternation of day and night, and the real East came from sunlight - shade space - time measurement. Meanwhile, as the first orientation, the astronomical phenomenon and space -time measuring theory related with the East have much impact on the orientation of early buildings. Therefore, in order to explain the relationship between the East and architecture, this paper col- lects and classifies the orientation mode in the historical building relics, in order to explore the discipline of ancient buildings＇orien- tation concept, rediscovering the effect of the original space -time concept and the application of space -time measuring technolo- gy, and to understand the special place of the ancient astronomy in architecture design.