南瓜寄主上扶桑绵粉蚧不同温度下的发育历期和实验种群生命表

Developmental duration and life table of the laboratory population of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae) fed on pumpkin at different temperatures

为了探明温度对扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley发育的影响,本研究在光周期14L∶10D,相对湿度75%±1%及不同温度(18,20,24,26,28和30℃)的实验室条件下,测定了以南瓜为寄主的扶桑绵粉蚧各虫态的发育历期和存活率,组建了扶桑绵粉蚧的实验种群生命表。结果表明:在18～30℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高扶桑绵粉蚧的发育速率加快,且其温度与发育速率的关系符合Logistic模型。在18～30℃恒温条件下,扶桑绵粉蚧的雌虫世代发育历期为40.24～80.64d,雄虫世代发育历期为25.21～54.31d;雌虫世代的发育起点温度为7.39℃,有效积温为889.89日·度;雄虫世代的发育起点温度为8.58℃,有效积温为523.47日·度。在26℃时,扶桑绵粉蚧的世代存活率最高(77.03%),种群趋势指数也最高(22.98),有利于种群增长;而在18℃和30℃,扶桑绵粉蚧的种群趋势指数分别为2.99和9.80。扶桑绵粉蚧有较强的种群发展能力,但高温和低温都不利于其种群增长。扶桑绵粉蚧发育历期和实验种群表的研究为其控制措施的制定提供了科学依据。

In order to explore the effects of temperature on the population growth of the Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley fed on pumpkin,the developmental duration and survivorship were investigated under the temperatures of 18,20,24,26,28 and 30℃,and the life table of the laboratory population of Ph.solenopsis was constructed.The results showed that the developmental rate of Ph.solenopsis increased with the temperature increasing from 18℃ to 30℃,and the relationship between the developmental rate and temperature could be fitted well with the Logistic model.Within the temperature range of 18-30℃,the generation time of females and males was 40.24-80.64 d and 25.21-54.31 d,respectively.The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of females were 7.39℃ and 889.89 day·degree,respectively,and those of the males were 8.58℃ and 523.47 day·degree,respectively.At 26℃,the survival rate and population trend index reached the highest,being 77.03% and 22.98,respectively,suggesting that 26℃ is suitable for the population growth.While the population trend indices at 18℃ and 30℃ were 2.99 and 9.80,respectively,suggesting that the population development ability of Ph.solenopsis is strong,but high and low temperatures are not suitable for the population growth of the Ph.solenopsis.This study on developmental duration and life table of the laboratory population of Ph.solenopsis provides scientific basis for its control.