植物病原真菌对甾醇生物合成抑制剂类(SBIs)杀菌剂的抗药性研究进展

Research advances on the resistance of plant pathogenic fungi to SBIs fungicides

甾醇生物合成抑制剂类(SBIs)杀菌剂通过抑制植物病原真菌甾醇生物合成途径中不同环节的酶,干扰或阻断病原菌麦角甾醇生物合成而发挥抗真菌作用。综述了植物病原真菌对SBIs杀菌剂的抗药性发生现状、遗传机制、生理生化机制、分子机制及治理策略等方面的最新研究进展。室内及田间有关SBIs杀菌剂抗药性的研究结果表明,植物病原菌对该类杀菌剂的抗药性可能是由1种或多种机制共同作用的结果。ABC和MFS运输蛋白基因及CYP51蛋白基因是植物病原真菌对SBIs杀菌剂产生抗药性的主要分子机制。其中ABC运输蛋白基因能够通过翻转酶将药剂从膜内层转移至外层而排出细胞体外;MFS运输蛋白基因的超表达和本底表达则是导致病原菌产生抗药性的关键因素;而CYP51蛋白基因与药剂作用时易在病原菌体内发生基因点突变或基因超表达,造成编码蛋白与药剂亲和力下降,导致病原菌产生抗药性。随着分子生物学的迅速发展,可从基因水平上寻找出与抗药性直接相关的基因、蛋白及调控途径等信息,同时与其他学科结合,合理设计新的、多作用位点的高效甾醇生物合成抑制剂,从而延长该类杀菌剂的使用寿命。

The sterol biosynthesis inhibitors（SBIs） killed pathogenic fungi by inhibiting different enzymes activity in biosynthesis pathway of sterols to interfere or block sterol biosynthesis.The recent research progresses of resistance of plant pathogenic fungi to SBIs were summarized,including the resistance status,genetic mechanism,physiological and biochemical mechanism,molecular mechanism and management strategy.According to the results of laboratory studies and field experiments,the resistance of pathogenic fungi against SBIs might cause by one or more than one mechanisms.ABC,MFS transport protein gene and CYP51 protein gene were regarded as the important molecular mechanisms.Among them,ABC transport protein gene was considered as a non-special vehicle to excrete fungicides from inner to outer of cell membrane by flippase enzyme.The over-and background-expression of MFS transport protein gene played key role in the resistance of pathogenic fungi.While point-mutation and over-expression of CYP51 protein gene was easily occurred in plant pathogenic fungi,which decreased the binding affinity of protein to fungicides and thereby resulted in the resistance against SBIs.With the rapid development of molecular biology technology and incorporating with other disciplines,the design of multiple action sites of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors based on the information of resistant related genes,proteins and regulation pathway would be possible,which would then extend the service life of SBIs.