坚守还是让渡——二战后英国人主权观述论

Sovereignty Surrendering or Not:The British Views of Sovereignty since the End of the WW II

英国人对主权让渡的认识经历了较为复杂的过程:从欧洲一体化初期不愿让渡主权,到加入欧共体时出现"无关主权"、"共享主权"和"威胁主权"三种认知,之后逐渐形成主流共识:一方面,让渡部分主权、融入欧洲一体化有利于增进英国国家利益;但另一方面,无论"亲欧派"还是"疑欧派"都坚持英国的核心主权不可让渡的原则,并且不认同欧洲联邦是欧洲一体化的终结目标。英国政府采取务实主义的态度,既通过"非政治化"努力避免主权让渡成为与欧共体/欧盟合作的障碍,又坚守英国的法理主权地位,部分主权的让渡与否取决于对本国利益的权衡和国内政治的需要。英国人对主权让渡的"保守"态度是他们认知主权的一种"英国方式",但它并没有改变英国人的上述主流共识。

In the context of joining European integration since the end of the WW II,British attitudes towards their sovereignty surrendering to the EU have undergone a complicated process.From resisting on not surrendering sovereignty during the period of establishing the EEC to forming three views of not touching sovereignty,sharing sovereignty and threatening sovereignty when Britain was entering the EEC,the British thereafter has gradually constructed a mainstream consensus that partly surrendering sovereignty is beneficial to Britain's national interests,while its fundamental sovereignty should be preserved as a principle adopted by both 'Pro-Europeans' and 'Eurosceptic',who disagree that a European Federation would be the final destination of current European integration.British governments' European policies have reflected this consensus with a pragmatist feature.They have been attempting to avoid the issue of sovereignty becoming the obstacle for their cooperation with the EEC/EU through its 'non-politicalizing',meanwhile firmly maintaining Britain's status of legal sovereignty,and whether further surrendering its sovereignty or not totally depends on the consideration of its national interests and the situation of its domestic politics.