桔梗雄性不育系的F1杂交组合农艺性状表现

The Performance of Agronomic Traits in F1 Crossing Combinations Derived from Male Sterile Line of Platycodon grandiflorum

目的:探讨雄性不育杂种优势在桔梗育种中利用的可行性。方法:对一个不育系的F1杂交组合进行了株高、主茎粗度、主茎节数、主根鲜重、鲜主根长、主根上茎、主根中茎等12个农艺性状的方差分析、超标优势分析和相关分析。结果:F1杂交组合除单株地上干重、鲜主根长和根中茎以外,其他的农艺性状组合间差异都达到了显著水平;变异系数最高的农艺性状是根中茎,为85.42%;最低的是主根鲜重与总根鲜重的比值,为3.66%。主根鲜重和总根鲜重的平均超标优势分别为42.35%和45.50%;主根上茎和主根中茎的平均超标优势分别为12.38%和29.97%。地上部生物量与根部生物量相关已达到了显著水平(0.651),主茎节数与6个根部性状中的5个相关都达到了显著水平。结论:桔梗的农艺性状F1杂交组合间变异丰富,根部优势明显,从中可以选出产量和根形表现突出的组合;杂交组合植株的株型合理,主茎节数可以作为根部性状的选择指标。以上表明利用雄性不育的方法在桔梗育种是可行的。

Objective：To determine the possibility of heterosis utilization by male sterility in Platycodon grandiflorum.Methods：The analysis of variance,heterosis over standard and correlation on 12 agronomic in 18 crossing combinations were carried out.Results：Except the dry weight of upground part of plant,the length of main root and the diameter of middle part of the main root,all other agricultural traits were different significantly among the 18 F1 combinations.The diameter of middle part of the main root had the highest coefficient of variation and the ratio of fresh weight of main root and total root had the lowest coefficient of variation,which was 85.42% and 3.66%,respectively.For the traits related to the yield of root,average heterosis over standard in fresh main root and total root was 42.35% and 45.50%,respectively;For the traits related to the form of root,the diameter of up part and middle part of main root had a middle heterosis over standard,which was 12.38% and 29.97%,respectively.The shoot growth was significantly related to its root growth in combination（0.651）.The number of nodes on main stem was significantly related to five out of six traits of root in hybrids.Conclusion：Variation of agricultural traits in crossing combination is rich,heterosis of traits in root is evident,and F1 hybrids with good yield and the forms could be selected from these combinations.The Platycodon grandiflorum of crossing combinations have reasonable morphological characteristics,and the number of nodes of main stem could be taken as the selected index.All show us that the heterosis by the male-sterility could be utilized in the breeding of Platycodon grandiflorum.