私有领域与公有领域的角力:著作权扩张与图书馆立法

The Fight between Public Domain and Private Domain:The Expansion of Copyright and the Library Legislation

自其诞生之日,著作权乃至于知识产权就一直处于不断扩张的过程,这种扩张主要表现为权利内容、保护客体的日渐丰富,保护期限的延长等。著作权的扩张源于公有领域利益集团的缺失,而这种缺失又是将知识产权"物化"和集体责任分散的恶果。在公有领域与私有领域的角力中,前者处于弱势地位,这导致了公有领域的缩小、公众对知识产权尊重的丧失等问题。而对抗知识产权的扩张,完善国家法律体系的建设,是支援公有领域的重要举措,也应当被视为当前图书馆立法的一个重要的合理性陈述切入点。

From the day of birth, there has been a general expansion in copyright and even intellectual property laws, which presented as the increase of related rights, the addition of object for protection and the extension of copyright terms etc. The expansion of copyright due to the absence of interest group in public domain, which is the consequence of materialization of intellectual property and the diffusion of responsibility in public property management. In the fight between public domain and private domain, public domain is losing, which lead to the deflation of public domain and the public＇s disrespect to intellectual property and even more. In this context, against the expansion of intellectual property, strengthening the foundation of national jurisprudence is the important action to support public domain and also the important legitimate statement of library legislation.