贵港市农村儿童杀虫剂中毒危险因素分析

Analysis of the risk factors for pesticide poisoning among children in countryside of Guigang

目的 探索贵港市农村儿童杀虫剂中毒的危险因素.方法 采用1：4个体匹配病例对照研究,对贵港市农村2009年1-12月因杀虫剂中毒而急诊或住院的78例中毒儿童和312名对照儿童的家长或监护人进行问卷调查,调查表内容包括：一般情况以及家庭结构、监护情况、父母学历、家庭年均总收入、家庭和学校健康教育、儿童危险行为等21个可能与杀虫剂中毒相关的因素.对调查结果采用条件logistic回归模型进行统计分析.结果 贵港市农村儿童杀虫剂中毒的危险因素有3项,分别为随意放置工作服和喷洒器具（ OR=3.529,95％CI：1.408 ～8.848）、儿童经常外出玩耍（ OR=2.846,95％ CI：1.513 ～5.352）、祖辈为监护人（OR=2.187,95％CI：1.187 ～4.029）；保护因素有5项,分别为监护频率高（OR=0.408,95％ CI：0.205 ～0.811）、知晓中毒预防知识（OR=0.412,95％ CI：0.224～0.758）、及时清洗工作服（OR=0.435,95％ CI：0.212 ～0.893）、学校设置健康教育课程（OR=0.448,95％ CI：0.232 ～0.867）、经常教育儿童不接触毒物（OR=0.462,95％ CI：0.227～0.939）.结论 农村儿童杀虫剂中毒的发生与儿童自身危险行为、家庭因素、环境因素、健康教育等因素均有关.

Objective This study was to investigate the risk factors for pesticide poisoning among rural children in Guigang.Methods A 1：4 matched case-control study was conducted.A total of 78 rural children who were hospitalized or visited the out-patient clinic due to pesticide poisoning in Guigang from January to December in 2009 were recruited as cases,and 312 matched controls were recruited during the same time.The children＇s parents or guardians were surveyed with a questionnaire.The questionnaire including general information and 21 possible risk factors concerned in family structure,guardian status,educational level of parents,average annual family income,family and school health education and dangerous behavior in children.The data were analyzed by conditional logistic regression analysis.Results Three risk factors and five protective factors were identified significantly associated with pesticide poisoning in rural children.The risk factors included inappropriate deposit of hydrocomion and contaminated working clothes （ OR =3.529,95 % CI：1.408 - 8.848 ）,playing outside frequently （ OR =2.846,95 % CI：1.513 - 5.352）,grandparents being children＇ s guardian （ OR =2.187,95% CI：1.187 - 4.029 ）.The protective factors included high frequency of guardianship（ OR =0.408,95% CI：0.205 - 0.811 ）,knowledge for poisoning prevention （ OR =0.412,95 % CI：0.224 - 0.758 ）,washing working clothes in time （ OR =0.435,95 % CI：0.212 - 0.893 ）,taking health educational courses in school （ OR =0.448,95% CI：0.232 - 0.867 ） and teaching children non-access to toxic agents regularly （OR=0.462,95% CI：0.227 -0.939）.Conclusion Childhood pesticide poisoning accidence in countryside of Guigang was caused by multiple factors including children＇s risk behaviors,family factors,environmental factors and health education.