青稞种质资源的SSR标记遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Hulless Barley Germplasm by SSR Markers

为了明确青藏高原青稞种质资源的遗传多样性,并为青稞育种提供依据,利用分布于青稞14条染色体长、短臂上的14对SSR引物对来自青藏高原区域内西藏、青海、四川和云南的55份青稞材料的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,每个位点检测出的等位基因数为2～10个,共检测出总位点数48个,平均3.7个,各多态位点检测出基因型为1～21种,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0～0.4998,平均为0.2921,Shannon信息指数为0～0.6930,平均为0.4461,表明青藏高原青稞种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。不同生态区青稞材料在遗传上存在较大的差异,云南参试材料的Nei’s基因多样性指数最高,Shannon信息指数最低,是四个区域中遗传多样性最丰富的地区。聚类分析将材料分为五组,部分材料的来源与所研究的SSR引物位点相关性状存在独立性,但总体上基于SSR多态性的聚类与材料来源地区存在一定的相关性。

Hulless barley is the typical crop in Tibetan Plateau.The genetic diversity of 55 hulless barley materials from Tibetan Plateau was studied by SSR markers.A total of 48 alleles were identified at 13 polymorphic SSR loci.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10 with an average of 3.7,1 to 21 genotypes could be detected by the polymorphic loci,and Nei＇s gene diversity index ranged from 0 to 0.4998 with an average of 0.2921.Shannon information index ranged from 0 to 0.6930 with an average of 0.4461.All of the results indicated that the genetic diversity of hulless barley from Tibetan Plateau was abundant.There was a great difference among the hulless barley cultivars from different ecological regions.The alleles of 15 materials from Yunnan were more than Tibet,Sichuan and Qinghai,with the highest of Nei＇s gene diversity index,and the lowest Shannon information index.The genetic diversity of Yunnan was the most abundant,while Sichuan was the less.The materials were divided into five groups by cluster analysis,and some materials were not distinguished clearly by cluster analysis based on ecological types,indicating that growth habits of these materials were independent with related behaviors of SSR primer loci,but clustering based on SSR polymorphism was related to ecological areas generally.Obtaining the affinity of hulless barley materials by cluster analysis would provide references for genetic study and breeding.