芥菜氮磷钾肥效及其施肥指标研究

Effect and Recommended NPK Fertilization for Mustard Green

通过田间试验研究芥菜氮磷钾肥效及其施肥指标。试验结果表明,土壤对芥菜产量的平均贡献率只有26.3%,施用氮、磷、钾肥平均分别增产55.5%、14.1%和15.3%,平均产投比分别为36.9、21.3和12.2,表明芥菜施用氮磷钾肥料具有显著的增产增收效果。芥菜种植地土壤Olsen-P高产丰缺指标为42mg.kg-1,速效钾则为88mg.kg-1;"高"肥力等级土壤的经济施肥量为N 315kg.hm-2、P2O585kg.hm-2和K2O 146kg.hm-2,"中"肥力等级土壤的经济施肥量为N 348kg.hm-2、P2O5127kg.hm-2和K2O 196kg.hm-2,"低"肥力等级土壤的经济施肥量则为N 319kg.hm-2、P2O5146kg.hm-2和K2O 241kg.hm-2。不同肥力等级土壤的推荐施肥量有明显差异,与基础土壤速效养分含量具有一致性。因而,建立了土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾含量与相应养分推荐施肥量的关系式,实现了根据土测值预测推荐施肥量的目标。

Effect and recommended NPK fertilization for mustard green were studied with field experimentations.Thirty tests were conducted and the results showed that the average rate of soil fertility contributed to the mustard yield was merely 26.3%.The effect of yield increase by individual fertilizers was 55.5%,14.1% and 15.3% for the applied N,P and K,respectively.The fertilization benefits as shown by the output/input ratios were 36.9 and 21.3 and 12.2 for N,P and K,respectively.The result indicated that there was a remarkable effect on yield with the applied fertilizers.Maximum yield was achieved by using Olsen-P and available K at the rate of 42 mg·kg-1 and 88 mg·kg-1,respectively.Optimal application rate and NPK proportion varied for soils of different fertilities.On average,the application rates for the soil of ＂high fertility grade＂ were N 315 kg·hm-2,P2O5 85 kg·hm-2 and K2O 146 kg·hm-2;those for the soil of＂medium fertility grade＂ were N 348 kg·hm-2,P2O5 127 kg·hm-2 and K2O 196 kg·hm-2;and,those for the soil ＂low fertility grade＂ were N 319 kg·hm-2,P2O5 146 kg·hm-2 and K2O 241 kg·hm-2.The regression equations between the available NPK in soil and fertilizer application rate were established to facilitate proper fertilization according to soil testing results.