安全化与国际合作形式之选择——以美国在艾滋病问题上的对外政策为例(1999-2008)

Securitization and the Choice of Forms for International Cooperation: U.S.Foreign Policy on the Global HIV/AIDS Issue(1999-2008)

1999年后,全球艾滋病流行问题进入了美国的安全政策框架。以"9.11"事件为分水岭,美国对全球艾滋病问题的认知从一项国际安全威胁转变为国家安全威胁。美国政策准备过程中的政治动员重点相应地发生了改变,从重视对国际社会进行说服变为强调国内团结,尤其是争取宗教保守势力的支持。不同的安全化进程导致了美国对国际合作形式选择从多边转向双边,主要合作方式从政策施压转变为资源投入。在这一全球治理议题上,美国面临着加强投入和重视国际协调难以兼顾的局面。

The issue of global HIV/AIDS entered U.S.'s security framework in 1999.The 9/11 attacks became a dividing point,after which U.S.'s original perception of the issue as threat to international security turned to a threat to national security.As a result,the important mobilizing factors in the process of policy-formation changed accordingly.The emphasis shifted from persuasion of the international society to guaranteeing unity domestically,especially in garnering the support of the Religious Right.Thus,different processes of securitization led U.S.form of international cooperation to shift from multilateral to bilateral approaches and the U.S.began to rely on investment of resources input rather than pressure from policies.