再论构造主义心理学与机能主义心理学之争

On the dispute between structuralism psychology and functionalism psychology

构造主义心理学和机能主义心理学之间的争论,给心理学的发展带来了深刻的影响。构造主义与机能主义的争论主要在心理学研究对象和研究方法上的争论。在这些争论背后蕴含着对"为什么"和"还原"的不同解读。对于"为什么"有机械论和目的论的解读,对于"还原"有"本体论的还原"和"解释性的还原"的解读。本文从对这两个概念的不同解读来再次论述心理学史上构造与机能之争。

The dispute between structuralism psychology and functionalism psychology had a profound influence to the development of the psychology. The dispute was mainly on the object and the method of the psychology. There are different opinions of ＂why＂ and ＂reduce＂ behind the dispute. The two opinions of ＂why＂ are mechanism and teleology, meanwhile, ontological reduce and hermeneutic reduce about ＂reduce＂. This paper discuss the dispute from the two different opinions.