浅析美国文学中的怪诞手法——以爱伦·坡、麦尔维尔、安德森为例

A Brief Analysis of the Grotesque in American Literature A Multiple Case Study on Allan Poe,Melville and Anderson

怪诞手法在美国文学中极为常见。处于不同时代的三位作家爱伦.坡、麦尔维尔和安德森均娴熟地使用了怪诞描写,且各具特色。爱伦.坡着力塑造一个怪诞与恐怖交织的畸形世界,麦尔维尔用怪诞手法来凸现人类理性的有限和人性的复杂,安德森笔下的怪诞人物则是集"扭曲"与"甜美"为一身、在工业化进程中无所适从的梦想者。这三位作家通过怪诞描写,深入地剖析了人性的丰富性和复杂性,探讨了人与人、人与社会、人与自然之间的错综复杂的关系,给两个世纪以来的众多读者留下了深刻的启迪。

The grotesque is a technique commonly used in American literature.Living in different periods,Allan Poe,Melville and Anderson skillfully employ the grotesque in their works and in distinctive ways.Allan Poe tries to depict a grotesque world of terror and mystery;Melville reveals the limitedness of reason and complexity of human nature by means of grotesque characters;Anderson portrays grotesques as ＂twisted＂ but ＂sweet＂ dreamers alienated in the reality.Adopting the grotesque,the three writers explore the diversity and complexity of human nature,probe into the complicated relations among man,society and nature,and provide insights with readers of the past two centuries.