论“道”的超越性及其意义

On the Transcendence of "Tao" and its Significance

道家哲学中"道"的含义是丰富的,从本体论的意义看,"道"是万物的本原和发动者,具有普遍性和无限性,且是永恒变化和运动的,彰显出其寓于万物之中运作而又不凝滞于物的特质;从认识论的意义看,"道"的意义为超越主观偏见和标准,实现万物相通的特性;从社会处世观的意义看,"道"的意义为遵从"自然"之法,从而实现无为而无所不为,呈现出不执著于俗世俗务的特性。所有这些丰富的含义都指向了"道"的一种深刻属性——超越性,即不执著不沉迷于物,而这一属性辐射在现实世界中则为超名利、超是非、超生死的逍遥境界,超越性实现了"道"在整个道家哲学中的贯通。因此厘清这一重要属性,不仅有利于我们更好地理解整个道家哲学的超越思路,更启迪我们摆脱现实的束缚与限制,从执著走向逍遥。

The meaning of ＂Tao＂ is rich in the Taoist philosophy.From the ontological point of view,＂Tao＂ is considered the origin and initiator of everything,with the universality and limitlessness,and it is forever in changes and in motion,highlighting the characteristics of existence but not stagnating in matter.Viewing from epistemological point,the meaning of ＂Tao＂ is transcending the subjective bias and standard,achieving the characteristics of universal inter-linkage.Viewing from the point of social etiquette,the meaning of ＂Tao＂ is to comply with the law of nature,so as to achieve a realm of letting everything take their own courses,highlighting the characteristics of not persisting in worldly affairs.So all these rich meanings of ＂Tao＂ point to its profound quality —— transcendentality,which means not persistent and addicted in materials,and its extension in the real world is the realm of happy excursion of transcending fame,wealth,disputes,life and death.The transcendentality in the ＂Tao＂ runs through the Taoist philosophy.Therefore,clarifying this important quality not only helps us better understand the transcending idea of the Taoist philosophy,but also inspires us to get rid of the shackles of reality and limitations,guide us to achieve the realm of happy excursion.