旅游犯罪侵害风险感知跨国比较分析——以台湾、韩国和印度为例

Transnational Comparative Analysis on Perception of Criminal Violation Risks in Tourism——Taking Taiwan,Korea and India as Examples

旅游犯罪被害不但影响游客的到访意愿,而且殃及当地旅游业的发展,因此找出形成游客被害风险知觉之情境或条件,了解不同旅游地区游客的犯罪被害风险知觉是十分必要的。鉴于此,在2010年1月至11月选择台湾、韩国及印度国际机场作为调查场所,询问离境游客在旅行期间的被害经验及安全感受。问卷调查采取受试者自行填写的方式获取数据,总共回收台湾160名、韩国192名及印度156名游客的有效问卷共508份。调查发现,不论是到台湾、韩国或印度的国际游客,一致觉得在旅游当地被骚扰、诈骗及盗窃的机会最为普遍,也反映出游客在当地遭受骚扰、诈欺、盗窃的被害经历最多。到印度的游客在被害经验及被害风险知觉的程度最高,其次是韩国,到台湾的游客不论是真实的被害经验,或是风险感知程度上皆显著低于韩国及印度。游客对旅游当地的安全感知与旅游决策间具有负向关系。

The criminal violation risks in tourism not only affect tourists＇ visiting desires but also bring disasters to the development of tourism.Therefore it is essential to find out the situations and conditions for the perception of risks for harm on tourists.In consideration of this,during January through November 2010,international airports in Taiwan,Korea and India were chosen as spots for investigation,inquiring departing tourists＇ possible experiences of harm and safety feelings during their traveling.The questionnaire surveys obtain data by the mode of subjects filling out questionnaire papers.The total valid questionnaires retrieved were 508,160 from Taiwan,192 from Korea,and 156 from India.The investigation discovered that either in Taiwan,Korea or India,international tourists unanimously felt a widespread chance of being harassed,defrauded,and stolen at tourist spots,as their experiences of being harmed at local spots in harassment,fraud,and theft numbering the most.Tourists to India had most experiences and risk perceptions of being harmed,those to Korea rank the next,but tourists to Taiwan are notably lower both in actual experiences of being harmed or in the extent of risk perception.There is a negative relationship between tourists＇ safety perception at tourist spots and tourism decision making.