领土争端中“关键日期”问题研究

The Study on the Issue of Critical Date in Territorial Disputes

所谓"关键日期"是以时间为标准,在国际诉讼中解决多个相互冲突的请求时起重要作用的概念或理论。虽然关键日期理论在学术界尚未完全确立,但已被诸多国际案例中所援引,特别是在领土争端中,关键日期被定义为"争议的事实最后发生的时间",规定该日期后双方的行为不得影响案件的事实。因此如何确定关键日期,将确认领土争端中的案件事实起到重要作用。特别是在不能排除通过国际法院判决解决领土争端可能性的前提下,分析和掌握国际法院在关键日期问题上所采取的立场将对研究和解决钓鱼岛在内的我国周边领土纠纷至关重要。

Although the Critical Date theory in the territorial disputes has been cited by a number of international cases,there is a lot of controversy about it among scholars and international cases.However,before it becomes impossible that the territorial dispute of Diaoyu Islands could be settled by the International Court,it is still very crucial to analyze and understand the standpoints of the International Court regarding the issue of Critical Date as for studying and settling the territorial disputes involving our country,including Diaoyu Islands.Therefore,with citation of classical cases in international law and by way of focusing the key word ＂Critical Date＂,instead of the demonstration method for territory acquisition in traditional international law,this paper analyzes and sorts the theories and practices on ＂Critical Date＂ in international law,and presents the writer＇s viewpoint.