清代中期松江府农民生产成本和收益探析——以19世纪20年代华、娄地区为例

The Production Cost and Benefit of Farmers in the Middle of Qing Dynasty of Songjiang: The Huating and Lou County in the 1820s Taken as an Example

清代中期,江南地区农民除了从事种植业外,还大量经营副业,松江华亭、娄县两地区农户大都以棉纺织业为主。农民生产成本和收益指农民日常从事农业和手工业生产过程中所付出的成本以及收益。除去生产成本,农户全年收益还得用于缴纳高额地租,这样下来所剩无几,只能勉强维持温饱,一些农户甚至不足以维持生计。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,farmers in Jiangnan region occupied a lot of business sideline besides farming.The farmers in the areas of Huating and Lou County mostly made aliving in the cotton textile industry.Farmers＇production costs and income refer to farmers’costs and benefits in daily engagement in the agriculture and handicrafts.Removing the cost of production,farmers should pay high rent with their whole year’s benefit. At last,they eke out a living,barely able to afford food and clothing,and even such a meager existence was denied to some farmers.