辽宁地区变应性鼻炎患者吸入变应原谱分析

Spectrum of Sensitized Inhalant Allergens in Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Liaoning Province

目的了解辽宁地区变应性鼻炎患者的变应原种类、分布特征、变应原反应强度及其与变应性鼻炎发病的关系。方法用20种变应原对辽宁地区4995例鼻炎初诊患者进行皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)。结果鼻炎患者中变应原SPT阳性率为53.9%(2697/4995),其中1种变应原阳性率占9.3%(250/2697),2种以上占90.7%(2447/2697)。变应原SPT阳性率分布在前4位的是粉尘螨、屋尘螨、艾蒿、豚草花粉,其他依次为狗毛、混合树木、蟑螂、猫毛、葎草、霉菌。粉尘螨、屋尘螨的SPT阳性率,儿童(55.0%、52.8%)高于成人(24.9%、21.3%),P均<0.001;男性(18.9%、17.0%)高于女性(12.5%、11.1%),P均<0.01。艾蒿、豚草SPT阳性率,成人(27.8%、19.4%)明显高于儿童(15.8%、9.5%),P均<0.01;成人男性(31.4%、22.1%)高于女性(25.2%、17.5%),P均<0.01。15～34岁年龄组SPT阳性率占优势。结论尘螨为辽宁地区常年性变应性鼻炎的首位变应原,儿童阳性率高于成人;艾蒿、豚草为季节性变应性鼻炎的主要变应原,成人阳性率高于儿童。

Objective To investigate the spectrum and distribution characteristics of sensitized inhalant allergens,as well as the correlation between intensity of SPT and pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis in allergic rhinitis patients in Liaoning province.Methods Skin prick test（SPT） was performed with 20 kinds of allergens among 4 995 rhinitis patients of Liaoning province.Results Positive SPT results were shown in 53.9%（2 697/4 995） rhinitis patients.9.3%（250/2 697） SPT positive patients only reacted to one kind of allergen,whereas 90.7%（2 447/2 697）reacted to two or more than two kinds of allergens.The most predominant allergen that the patients reacted to was Dermatophagoides farinae（Der f）,which followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus（Der p）,mugwort pollen,ragweed pollen,dog hairs and dander,tree pollen mixture,cockroach,cat hairs and dander,Humulus pollen and fungi.SPT positive rate of Der f and Der p in children group was significantly higher than adult group（55.0% vs 24.9%,P0.001;52.8% vs 21.3%,P0.001 respectively）,whereas SPT positive rate of mugwort and ragweed pollen in adult group was significantly higher than children group（27.8% vs 15.8%,P0.01,19.4% vs 9.5%,P0.01 respectively）.It was also shown that SPT positive rate of mugwort and ragweed pollen in male group was significantly higher than female group（31.4% vs 25.2%,P0.01;22.1% vs 17.5%,P0.01 respectively）.The highest SPT positive rate was found in group of 15-34 years old.Conclusion Dust mites were the most predominant sensitized allergens in perennial allergic rhinitis patients in Liaoning province.SPT positive rate of Der f and Der p in children group was significantly higher than adult group.Mugwort and ragweed pollen were the most predominant sensitized allergens in the seasonal allergic rhinitis patients.SPT positive rate of mugwort and ragweed pollen in adult group was significantly higher than children group.