秋季施肥调控苗木质量研究评述

Review on Advance in Study of Fall Fertilization Regulating Seedling Quality

苗木顶芽形成后,生物量仍继续增大,苗木体内养分浓度因而下降。秋季施肥因能有效缓解因生物量增大而伴随的稀释效应,在国外被广泛运用于欧洲云杉、黑云杉、火炬松、湿地松、脂松、北美黄松、花旗松、蓝桉等常绿树种苗木的培育,在我国仅在侧柏、三倍体毛白杨等苗木上有所研究。本文从秋季施肥调控苗木形态指标与生理指标的机制、秋季施肥苗木对造林效果的影响、秋季施肥制度等方面进行综述,重点分析养分内转移在秋季施肥调控苗木质量的作用,探讨常绿、落叶树种苗木秋季施肥的可能差异,并结合当今研究热点,对该领域研究前景进行展望。

After the terminal bud is set, the seedling biomass can still accumulate substantially and accordingly the nutrient concentration in the seedling declines in the fall. The dilution caused by biomass increase could be relieved by fall fertilization. Abroad, fall fertilization is widely applied for culturing many evergreen tree seedlings such as Picea abies, Picea mariana, Pinus taeda, Pinus elliottii, Pinus resinosa, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Eucalyptus globulus. However in China, just a few studies are referred to fall fertilization with the seedlings of Platycladus orientalis and triploid Populus tomentosa. In this paper, many aspects in the recent studies were reviewed, including the of the morphological and physiological mechanism happened in the seedlings regulated by fall fertilization, field performance of the seedling conducted by fall fertilization, as well as the system of the fall fertilization. Translocation of nutrients was specifically analyzed about how to regulate the seedling quality at nursery and subsequent field performance after the seedlings were applied fertilization in the fall. Differences were further discussed between the seedlings of evergreen and deciduous trees with fertilization in the autumn. Based on the aspects, the future in the study was prospected.