五年内儿童意外损伤住院情况调查

A hospital based survey on childhood accidental injuries in five years

目的了解儿童意外损伤发生的原因及危险因素，为意外损伤的防预提供依据。方法对2005年1月1日至2009年8月31日在复旦大学附属儿科医院住院的4116例意外损伤患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果意外损伤患儿占同期住院总人数的4．35％（4116／94579）。男女之比为2．01：1。意外损伤前3位病因分别是意外跌伤（30．73％，1265／4116）、交通事故（23．71％，976／4116）和意外坠落（11．59％，477／4116）。意外跌伤主要见于1岁以上儿童，交通事故主要好发于4～7岁儿童，而意外坠落伤则主要见于1岁以内婴幼儿。其中病死率最高的前3位意外损伤原因分别是气道异物、溺水和中毒。意外损伤的好发部位为骨关节。结论儿童意外损伤已严重威胁儿童的生命安全，应根据儿童各年龄段的特点，采取相应的防范措施。

Objective To study the causes and risk factors of childhood accidental injuries as a reference for prevention. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 4 116 cases of childhood accidents admitted to children＇s hospital of Fudan university from Jan 1,2005 to Aug 31,2009. Results The 4 116 cases with accidental injuries were found to account for 4. 35 % （ 4 116/94 579 ） of all in- patients during the same period. Ratio of male to female was 2. 01 ： 1. The most common causes of injury were accidental falls （ 30. 73% , 1 265/4 116 ）, traffic accidents （ 23.71%, 976/4 116 ） and accidental drops （ 11.59% ,477/4 116）. Accidental falls were mainly seen in children over one year,traffic accidents mainly occurred in children aged four to seven, while the accidental drops were mainly seen in infants less than oneyear-old. The top three causes of accidental injury with highest mortality rate were airway foreign body, drowning and poisoning. Bone and joint injuries were mostly seen in accidental injury. Conclusion Accidental injury of children has been a serious threat to the lives of children and we should base on the characteristics of children to take preventive measures.