资源禀赋、区位条件与区域经济发展

Resource Endowment,Location and Regional Economic Growth

资源禀赋和区位条件对区域经济的发展路径有着重要的影响。本文在相关理论回顾的基础上,运用统计学的显著性差异检验方法对中国省域经济发展进行了经验检验,结合中国区域发展战略布局的历史演变分析,并利用省级面板数据建立计量模型展开实证研究。结果发现,在控制各省份初始经济发展水平的情况下,中国总体上存在着能源资源型的"资源诅咒"现象,矿产资源则不明显。同时,能源资源富集地区的经济发展受到市场经营环境和出口贸易影响,虽然有较高的教育经费投入比,但是教育投入和人力资本对本地经济的发展却没有显著的作用,应着力改善市场经营环境,引入外部产业进驻来发挥后发优势。地处沿海的省份,引进外资和市场经营环境变革的边际效应已经较小,而人力资本的相对影响开始突出,已经到了需要推动传统比较优势转型的关键期。在经济现代化发展过程中,中国国内区域经济由东至西正呈现类似国际间的"雁阵"发展形态。

Resource endowment and location have great impacts on the path of regional economm growth. This paper used statistical T test method for Chinese provincial economic development test combined with China＇s regional development strategy analysis after a brief theoretical review, and finally it established a Chinese provincial panel data econometric model for empirical study. This paper also uses different estimation methods, including Pooled OLS, GLS estimates and GMM, to estimate the model and found that variation of coefficient of the OLS estimation and the GMM estimation are small, this implies that the model has a good stability and the estimation results are reliable. Had the initial economic level controlled, it founded that China had the ＂resource curse＂ phenomenon based on the energy resources but not on mineral resources. This may be because the localized industry chain of energy industries, such as coal, oil and gas, are relatively short. From a geographical point of view, this gap between the coastal and inland location is significant. During the market-oriented economic reform and opening up, the coastal provinces development have being highly promoted, and those inland energy-rich provinces were lagged behind. Having the initial level of economic development condition controlled, the energy resource-rich regions promote local economic development by improving the market environment to attract foreign investment and promote export trade. Energy-resource-rich regions economic develop along with the business environment improving, market and export trade, although they had higher education spending, the education investment and human capital had no sig nificant effect on the local economic development. Natural resources also has a significant impact on the regional industrial structure, as the resource-rich areas rely mainly on industry and agriculture, while the tertiary industry and high-tech industry is underdeveloped. The geographic conditions advantage was the main reason for the widening gap among the China provincial economic development, although the ＂resource curse＂ phenomenon is significant, but the effect is less important. Because China＇s regional economy is export-oriented trade economy, the economic growth rely largely on international trade, this is consistent with the facts that external demand and play as an important engine of economic growth in China. Government transformation and market environment improvement are important driving forces of china＇s regional economic development. Location factor has a significant influence on the characteristics and evolution of industrial structure. The domestic regional economy may follow the Flying Geese Paradigm. To accelerate the development of resource-rich regions, the key is to speed up the market opening up, improve the market environment, and attract the outside industries to unleash the latecomer advantage. They should focus on improving the market environment and introducing external industry to exploit its advantage. SoInland areas should continue to strengthen infrastructure construction, improve the investment and financing channels, promote fair and open market competition in order to attract industrial transfer from the eastern area, with these measures can they format the endogenous development capacity. And the central government should push forward toestablish a unified free-movement labor market, because in the long-term, narrowing regional development gap lies on the strengthening education and training of personnel, especially for the poor areas. In this process, the inland areas could find innovative ways to sustain regional economic development. While the coastal provinces, the marginal effects of market reforms and business environment improvement to attract foreign investment are becoming relatively smaller and smaller, but the impact of human capital began to stand out, indicating the coastal areas are in face of the time to transit the traditional comparative advantage. Therefore, the coastal provinces should be more relying oneconomic mode restructuring and independent innovation.