略论商周时期射牲礼

A Brief Study on the Rite3 of Shooting Sacrifice with Arrow of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

由花东甲骨文和作册般鼋铭文的记载可知,射牲礼起源不晚于商代中晚期,最初其举行的地点通常在自然形成的河流沼泽等水边,射牲结束后多伴随有祭祀活动。之后射牲礼逐渐发展完善,由麦尊和伯唐父鼎等青铜器铭文记载可以推定,至晚到西周早期,天子在辟雍乘舟射牲的仪式已明显区别于习射及以"择士"为目的的大射,其不仅与祭祀相关,且已具有象征天子亲自射猎以"示亲杀"的特点。

From the inscription of oracle bone in the east of Huayuan village and the inscription of Zuocebanyuan we could find that the rite of shooting sacrifice with arrow began from the period of Shang dynasty. The shooting usually was held near the river or marsh, after the rite of shooting was over some sacrificial rites were usually followed. Then the rite of shooting sacrifice with arrow was gradually developing and perfecting, from the inscription of Mai Zun and Botangfu Ding tripod we could concluded that before the early period of Western Zhou dynasty, the King shooting sacrifice with arrow by boat in Piyong was different from practice shooting or the rite of Great Shooting, it wasn＇ t only related to sacrifice, but although had the features of the King killed the sacrifice by himself.