城-城移民社会支持的特征及性别差异

Social Support for Urban-to-urban Migrants: Characteristics and Gender Differences

目的:探讨城-城移民社会支持的特征及性别差异。方法:数据取自2007年国民心理健康状况调查数据库,对1258名城-城移民,565名农-城移民和3175名本地居民的社会支持进行比较。结果:控制年龄、受教育程度、收入水平、婚姻状况和有无子女的情况下,身份主效应、身份与性别的交互效应均显著。城-城移民的社会支持显著低于本地居民,农-城移民与其它两组均无显著差异。对于男性,城-城移民、农-城移民和本地居民的社会支持无显著差异;对于女性,城-城移民的社会支持显著低于本地居民,农-城移民与其它两组均无显著差异。控制年龄的情况下,城-城移民不同异地居住时间组的社会支持差异显著,农-城移民则差异不显著。城-城移民异地居住时间5年以下组的社会支持显著低于11-20年和21年以上组,6-10年组显著低于11-20年组。结论:城-城移民的社会支持偏低,主要是由于女性缺乏社会支持。随着异地居住时间的延长,城-城移民的社会支持会得到提升。

Objective： To explore the characteristics and gender differences of social support for urban-to-urban migrants.Methods： Data were derived from the 2007 Chinese Mental Health Survey Database.The level of social support of 1258 urban-to-urban migrants was compared with that of 565 rural-to-urban migrants and 3175 local urban residents.Results： After controlling age,education level,monthly income,marital status,having children or not,it was found that there was a significant main effect of migrant status and a significant interaction effect between migrant status and gender on the level of social support.Social support for urban-to-urban migrants was significantly lower than that of local urban residents,whereas there were no significant differences for rural-to-urban migrants compared with the two other groups.As for males,there were no significant differences among the three groups;for females,urban-to-urban migrants had a significantly lower level of social support than their local urban counterparts,with no significant differences between female rural-to-urban migrants and the two other groups.After controlling age,it was found that the length of residence in the current location was significantly related to social support for urban-to-urban migrants but not for rural-to-urban migrants.Those residing in the current location for no more than 5 years had a significantly lower social support level than people living in the current location for more than 11 years.For those living in the current location for 6-10 years,the level of social support was significantly lower than that of people who had been living in their current location for 11-20 years.Conclusion： Urban-to-urban migrants perceive a lower level of social support,primarily because the social support level for females is insufficient.The social support level for urban-to-urban migrants gradually rises while the length of residence in the current location increases.