基于低碳旅游的旅游业碳排放测度方法研讨

THE METHOD OF MEASURING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN TOURISM ON THE BASIS OF LOW-CARBON TOURISM

随着低碳理念的出现和发展,低碳旅游已经成为旅游业发展的共同方向。测算旅游业碳排放是低碳旅游发展的关键步骤,但国内关于旅游业碳排放测度的研究仍处于起步阶段。本文基于国内外相关文献研究,将目前国外旅游业碳排放测度研究分为旅游产业碳排放测度和旅游地碳排放测度两大类,并分别结合国外研究案例对这两大类碳排放测度方法进行总结和分析。最后分析了国际经验对我国旅游业碳排放测度的适用性,并针对我国旅游业碳排放研究现状进行了思考。

With the appearance and the development of low-carbon conception, low-carbon tourism has be- come the common direction of tourism in the whole world. There is a large amount of direct energy consump- tion in the form of fossil fuels or indirect energy consumption in the form of electricity during the journey. In this paper, the methods of measuring carbon dioxide emissions from tourism are studied by consulting domes- tic and abroad relevant references. Through the literature studies, the researches of measuring tourist carbon emissions are divided into two broad categories： measuring carbon dioxide emissions of tourist industry and measuring carbon dioxide emissions of tourist destination, and then, the methods of the two categories have been summarized and analyzed with foreign research cases respectively. Measuring carbon dioxide emissions of tourist industry mostly construct frameworks based on the angle of industrial structure, which has two pri- mary methods： empirical research and the measuring method based on TSA （tourism satellite account）. And the studies of measuring carbon dioxide emissions from tourist destinations mostly based on the relationship among tourist origin areas,transportation and tourist destination, because we need to view a tourist destina- tion as a whole unit which not only has traffic flow exchange with tourist origin areas but also with residential places for employees. Understanding these methods and their characteristics exactly will help us choose the suitable method for measuring carbon dioxide emissions from tourism. This article points out that the mea- surement of carbon dioxide emissions from Chinese tourism can be divided into three levels in geography： na- tional carbon dioxide emissions, regional carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide emissions from tourist destination. Moreover, it is very important to use different methods to measure the same object, so that the re- suits of them can be confirmed and complemented by each other. The measuring results will provide informa- tion for policy-making and strategy of low-carbon tourism, and also will certainly to be able to promoting the development of low-carbon tourism.