双季稻种植下不同类型土壤连续施用控释氮肥的效应研究(英文)

Effect of Continuous Application of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer in Various Types of Soil in Dong-Ting Lake Region under Double Rice Cropping System

[目的]研究水稻控释氮肥在洞庭湖区双季水稻种植体系下的连续施用效应。[方法]在洞庭湖区3种主要类型土壤上进行连续4年的微区试验,试验设不施肥(CK)、尿素、等氮量控释氮肥及70%氮量控释氮肥4个处理。[结果]等氮量控释氮肥的处理所获得的水稻产量最高,在河沙泥、紫潮泥和红黄泥上比尿素处理分别增产10.3%、8.0%和2.4%;70%N量控释氮肥处理分别增产6.1%、2.6%和-0.8%;在3种土壤上早、晚稻及全年平均吸N量均表现为等N量控释氮肥>70%N量控释氮肥>尿素>对照。等N量控释氮肥处理在上述3种土壤上的肥料利用率分别为60.7%、59.6%和56.3%,比尿素处理分别高23.8%、19.4%和16.3%,早稻随施用年份的延长其利用率呈增加趋势,且高于70%N量控释氮肥处理,晚稻连续施用3年时利用率由上升转为下降趋势。[结论]连续施用控释氮肥可缓解土壤氮素肥力和有机碳含量的下降,特别是在河沙泥稻田中。施用控释氮肥有利于水稻增产、氮肥利用率的提高及土壤培肥。

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of continuous application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer under double rice cropping system. [Method] By modeling three types of paddy soils in Dong-Ting Lake area, four treatments as no fertilizer （CK）, urea, controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） and 70% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （70% CRNF） were designed in the micro-plot trials from 2005 to 2008. [Result] The rice yield in treatment CRNF at N 150 kg/hm2 was increased by 10.3%, 8.0% and 2.4% compared with treatment of urea, in alluvial sandy loamy paddy soil （ALS）, purple calcareous clayey paddy soil （PCS）, and reddish yellow loamy paddy soil （RYS）, respectively; and the yield in treatment of 70% CRNF was increased by 6.1%, 2.6% and -0.8%, respectively. The ranking order of nitrogen uptake amount by plant in early rice and late rice was CRNF 70% CRNF urea CK in all three types of soil. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in above three types of soil was 60.7%, 59.6% and 56.3%, increased by 23.8%, 19.4% and 16.3% compared with that in treatment of urea, respectively. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in early rice was increased year by year, and was higher than that of 70% CRNF during the whole experiment stage, while that in late rice was increased first and then decreased from the 3rd year. [Conclusion] Continuous application CRNF could alleviate the decreasing of soil nitrogen fertility and organic carbon especially in ALS, increase rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in double-rice cropping system.