反硝化除磷菌筛选及其特性研究

Studies on the screening of denitrifying and phosphorus removal bacteria and its characteristics

【目的】研究反硝化除磷菌特性。【方法】通过微生物筛选和生物学特性研究方法,从对虾养殖池塘中筛选出多株可在有氧条件下同时具有反硝化除磷功能的菌种。【结果】菌株LY-1可在18 h内将初始量为10 mg/L的亚硝酸盐氮降低至0.04 mg/L,PO43?-P降低至0.05 mg/L。在DO浓度为5.0?5.9 mg/L时,该菌反硝化除磷率近100%。试验选取具有反硝化除磷功能的枯草芽孢杆菌为阳性对照菌,大肠杆菌为阴性对照菌,比较研究了菌株LY-1在不同pH、温度、盐度、PO43?-P浓度、亚硝酸盐浓度时反硝化除磷的强弱,在pH为5?9范围时,该菌亚硝酸盐氮去除率近99%,PO43?-P去除率86%;温度为30°C时,该菌反硝化除磷率近100%;盐度为5‰?15‰、PO43?-P浓度为10 mg/L、亚硝酸盐氮浓度为20 mg/L时,该菌亚硝酸盐氮和PO43?-P去除率均可达99%。【结论】菌株LY-1反硝化除磷性能显著高于对照菌(P<0.05)。通过菌株LY-1形态学观察、生理生化及16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。

[Objective] In order to study on the characteristics of denitrifying and phosphorus removal bacteria. [Methods] Many strains with denitrification and phosphorus removal characteristics under aerobic condition were isolated by screening of microorganism and methods of biological characteristics from the water and sediment samples of shrimp culture ponds. [Results] Among them strain LY-1 could remove nitrite nitrogen from 10 mg/L to 0.04 mg/L, and the PO43--P from 10 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L in 18 h, respectively; and approximately to 100% of denitrifying and phosphorus removal rate were reached at the DO concentration of 5.0-5.9 mg/L. Furthermore, in comparison with a denitrifying and phosphorus removal bacterium, Bacillus subtilis selected as the positive control and Escherichia coli as the negative control, strain LY-1 was tested under different pH, temperature, salty, PO43--P and nitrite concentration, its denitrifying removal rate was reached approximately 99%, and phosphorus removal rate reached 86% at the pH of 5-9; the denitrifying and phosphorus removal rate of strain YX-6 reached proximately 100% at 30 ℃; The rate almost reached 99% when salty ranged between 5 and 15, phosphorus concentration was 10 mg/L and nitrite nitrogen concentration was 20 mg/L. [Conclusion] The results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus removal of LY-1 was significantly higher than that of the two controls （P〈0.05）. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, and the analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain LY-1 was identified as Bacillus cereus primarily.