侵权法危机的伦理诊断

The Ethical Diagnosis of the Crisis of Tort Law

侵权法具有积极的伦理功能,致力于完善人性使人具有更多的美德。对侵权法危机进行伦理诊断,意在为侵权法搭建一条人性回归之途。我国侵权法在思考人的伦理问题时只注重人的平等性和抽象化而忽视了人的多层次与多维度,在类型化的过程中隐去了人的不同身份和角色差异,从而忽略人基于身份和角色而产生的伦理责任。损害赔偿的物化趋势亦在人的生存性与尊严性之间制造了一种紧张与撕扯关系,过错的客观化则使得支撑行为背后的主观动机和目的不再具有侵权法上的意义,进而导致侵权法疏于关注人的内心感受,忘却了对责任心与正义感的救济。侵权法必须以道德为基础划定人们之间自由的边界,实现其制度建构与解释适用的伦理回归。

Tort law has positive ethical function,which is in order to fulfill the human nature and make person have more virtues.The diagnosis of the crisis of tort law is in order to construct a way for tort law return to human nature.When speculating the ethic of human,tort law of China only focuses on the equality and abstraction of human and ignores the multi-aspect of human and the ethical liability based on the status and figure of person.The materialization of damage arouses the tension between the survival and the dignity of person.Objectivity of the fault makes the subjective motive meaningless for tort law,and further more make people forget the relief to the feeling of liability and justice.So tort law must speculate the boundary of freedom between everyone,so that the construction and application of it can return to ethic.