魏晋南北朝皇帝元服礼简论

The Emperors' Capping Ceremony in Wei,Jin,South and North Dynasties

皇帝举行元服礼的年龄和政治时机是皇帝政治地位变化的重大转折性事件之一,是皇帝亲政的重要时间标志。魏晋南北朝时期皇帝加元服共计19人次,举行元服礼的年龄或早或晚,并不一致,从11岁至20岁不等;各朝礼家所定的年龄也不统一。其原因主要在于皇帝参政时机是一个高度敏感的政治话题:一方面,元服礼后皇帝开始亲政,其法赋权力产生变化;另一方面,当幼主在位、皇太后临朝时,太后何时"归政于王"是关涉皇权最高权力移交的头等大事。

The age and reasonable time of the ceremony named Chinese rite of passage for the emperor was a turning point of great significance as well as a symbolic marker of taking over the veins of government. In Wei, Jin, South and North Dynasties, rite of passage held an important position in the emperor＇s political life,and was regarded as the beginning of personal power. During the period, Chinese rite of passage ceremony held 19 times and the age of the ceremony ranges from 11 to 20. Because the time of the emperor taking over the veins of government was a highly sensitive political issue. On one hand, the emperor began to take charge of political power after the ceremony; on the other hand, the transfer of power from the empress to the yang emperor was the most important event.