南京市雨花台区高血压患病率及危险因素的相关性分析

Prevalence rate of hypertension and associated factors among residents in Yuhuatai District,Nanjing City

目的为了解南京市雨花台区社区居民高血压患病率及相关危险因素的现况,为雨花台区制定高血压社区综合防控工作提供依据。方法于2010年采用分层系统抽样的方法对全区15周岁以上常住居民开展了调查,问卷内容主要为吸烟、饮酒和饮食等与慢性病相关的生活方式,并进行体格检查及相关测量。率的比较采用2检验,采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析对高血压影响因素进行分析。结果共调查了11 724人,平均年龄47.31岁,其中男性5 434人,女性6 290人,高血压患病率为18.35%(2 151/11 724),按南京市2000年人口构成标化患病率为16.56%。高脂血症者、非高脂血症者高血压患病率分别为72.28%(146/202)、17.40%(2 005/11 522),体重超重/肥胖、偏轻/正常的人群高血压患病率分别为25.14%(1 236/4 916)、13.44%(915/6 808);吸烟者、非吸烟者的高血压患病率分别为23.85%(353/1 480)、17.55%(1 798/10 244),饮酒者、非饮酒者的高血压患病率分别为27.61%(286/1 036)、17.45%(1 865/10 688),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归发现,年龄75岁及以上、文化程度大专及以上、高脂血症、饮酒和超重/肥胖等因素可能是高血压患病的影响因素(OR=46.631、0.698、7.683、1.705、1.834)。结论雨花台区居民的高血压患病率较高,高龄、超重/肥胖、血脂异常等危险因素与高血压关系密切,必须对人群进行健康教育,以减少高血压对居民健康的危害。

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics and associated factors among residents with hypertension in Yuhuatai District of Nanjing, and provide evidence for prevention of hypertension. Methods With multi-stage randomized cluster sampling, residents aged 15 years and over were selected from Yuhuatal district in 2010. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sampling was inquired by questionnaire survey by means of face-to-face interview. Physical examinations and blood pressures were taken by trained interviewers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were adopted for analyses of risk factors. Results A totltal of 11 724 residents （ average age of 47.31 years, 5 434 males, and 6 290 females） were selected in the survey. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.35% , and the adjusted rate was 16. 56% according to the composition of Nanjing population. Rseuhs of muhivariate logistic regression showed that age of 75 years and over, education level above college, hyperlipidemia, alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity may be the influencing factors for hypertension （ORs = 46. 631,0. 698, 7. 683,1. 705 and 1. 834）. Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension among residents in Yuhuatai was high. The factors including advanced age, overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia were closely related with hypertension. More attention should be paid to the prevention and control of hypertension.