从乡村自治到农会专政:国民革命中的乡村民主政治实践

From Village Self-government to the Dictatorship of the Peasant Association:Country Democratic Political Practice in the National Revolution

乡村民主政治实践在国民革命时期经历了从乡村自治向农会专政的嬗变。国民革命兴起后,由作为社会职业团体的农民协会和作为民选政府的乡村自治政权组成的乡村政治模式,意味着乡村现代民主政治的蓝图初步形成。然而,这时期乡村政治民主化并非一帆风顺,面临着制度融合和政治妥协方面的两大难题。一方面,农民协会的阶级斗争色彩和乡村自治的平民民权性质,遭到了以民团、宗族为代表的传统体制和势力的激烈对抗;另一方面,地主乡绅与农民农会之间,国共两党之间,都不能达成实质和制度性的妥协。没有妥协就没有民主,国民革命中的民主自治思想在革命的血雨腥风中演变为民主专政思想。而这后来又被概括为人民民主专政,形成了具有中国特色的民主理论。

Country democratic political practice in the National Revolution has changed from village self-government into the dictatorship of peasant association. The rural political mode composed of peasant associations as social professional group and village self - government power as an elected government means the pre-liminary formality of the blueprint of modern rural democratic politics. However, countryg political democratization has not been easy during this period, facing two major challenges in system integration and political compromise. On one hand, the class struggling color of peasant associations and the civilian nature of the rural self - government power met with fierce confrontation of traditional force as the representative of militia, elan system ; on the other hand, landlords and farmers, as well as the two parties, cannot reach substantive system- atic compromise. There is no democracy if compromise doesn＇t exist, therefore democratic self- government thought changed into democratic dictatorship thought during the bloody revolution, which was later summarized as the thought of people＇s democratic dictatorship and formed the democratic theory with Chinese characteristics.