爱伦·坡在中国的接受与认知缺失

Edgar Allan Poe's Reception and Its Cognitive Absence in China

自20世纪初,爱伦.坡便开始了其在中国的文学旅行,尤其是"五四"运动以后,他的文学作品对中国现代文学产生了不小的影响。新时期对坡的接受以改革开放为地标,无论在研究的广度和深度上均有所突破,但是,总体看来,国内的爱伦.坡批评在方法论、研究视角以及历史文化意识上均明显滞后,具体存在三类问题:一是见树不见林,缺乏"整体细读"观念;二是建立在"印象主义"价值评判基础之上的主观臆断;三是观念陈旧,机械套用文类规约。本文还通过简要对比国内外爱伦.坡批评实践指出,坡在当下中国的接受过程中最为凸出的弊病在于"认知的缺失",也即过多关注"诗艺"层面上的研究而很少从社会学批评的视角去考察爱伦.坡文学作品中所传达出的多重认知信息。

Since early 20th century,Edgar Allan Poe has started his literary journey in China.His literary products,not least in the wake of the May Fourth Movement,have left a great influence upon China＇s modern literature.Poe＇s reception in the new era,with China＇s reform and opening up as its landmark,has achieved a remarkable breakthrough either in width or in depth.Even so,the domestic Poe criticism is still dramatically lagging behind in its methodology,perspective and historio-cultural awareness,more specifically,revealing the following three drawbaks：（1） not seeing the wood for the trees,and hence lacking a ＂holistic close-reading＂;（2） subjective assumptions based on ＂impressionistic＂ value judgment;（3） outdated conception or mechanistic adoption of generic regulation.This article makes a comparison between domestic Poe scholarship and its counterpart abroad,pointing out that the most conspicuous weakness in Poe＇s China reception lies in its ＂cognitive absence＂,namely,an undue attention paid to Poe＇s ars poetica in lieu of a sociologically critical perspective,without a grasp of multi-tiered cognitive information as conveyed by Poe＇s literary works.