民本思想的发展逻辑及其现代转型

Development Logic and Modern Transformation of People-Oriented Thought

作为中国传统政治思想重要内容的民本思想,其发展具有内在的逻辑——与德治主义相互配合,相互作用;与封建君权相互调节,相互强化;与封建专制相互依存,相互背离;与尊君思想相反相成,互成一体。民本思想与民主思想都强调,民众是国家的根本,民意是政权的基础,民生是治国的出发点,但是,两者在政治观、历史观、伦理观上存在着根本的区别。民本思想与西方人本主义都肯定了人的地位和历史作用,体现了对人的价值关怀和维护了社会的稳定,但两者在理念、价值、实现途径和历史作用等方面存在着质的不同。以当代中国的历史境遇为背景,实现"臣民"向"公民"的根本转变、德治与法治的有机结合以及民本与西方人本的当代融合,自觉地对民本思想进行现代转型,才能使它在当代获得新生。

The development of people-oriented thought, which is the soul of the traditional Chinese political thought, has its internal logic its complement and interaction with the virtue-ruling; its coordination and reinforce with feudal monarchical system; its interdependence and deviation with feudalisml its oneness with the preaching of respect for the emperor. Both people-oriented thought and democratic ideas in contemporary believe that people is a country＇s fundamental, public opinion the base of regime, and people＇s livelihood the starting point of governing a country. However, there exist the basic distinguishes between them on political outlook, historical view and ethics. Besides, people-oriented thought and Western humanism both reflect the concern of humanistic value and play vital roles in maintaining the social stability. Nevertheless, they are also fundamentally different in concept, value, realization and historical role. In the historical circumstance of contemporary China, only by realizing the fundamental change from subjects to citizens, the seamless integration of the virtue-ruling and the rule of law, and the modern combination between people-orientation and western humanism, and further initiatively transforming people-oriented thought, can it bring out a new charm.